How to Apply PAN Card for Minor

A Permanent Account Number (PAN) is a unique 10-character alphanumeric identifier issued by the Income Tax Department of India. While commonly associated with adults engaged in financial transactions, a PAN card is equally essential for minors—children under the age of 18. Whether for opening a bank account, receiving investment income, claiming tax benefits, or facilitating future financial independence, securing a PAN card for a minor ensures compliance with regulatory norms and lays a strong financial foundation. This comprehensive guide walks you through every step of applying for a PAN card for a minor, from documentation to submission, and offers best practices, tools, real-world examples, and answers to frequently asked questions—all designed to make the process seamless and error-free.

Step-by-Step Guide

Applying for a PAN card for a minor follows a structured process that differs slightly from adult applications, primarily due to the involvement of a parent or legal guardian. The entire procedure can be completed online via the official portals of NSDL or UTIITSL, or offline through authorized centers. Below is a detailed, chronological breakdown of the process.

Understand Eligibility and Purpose

Any child under the age of 18 is eligible to hold a PAN card. There is no minimum age requirement. Even infants can be issued a PAN if there is a valid reason, such as receiving dividends from shares, earning interest on fixed deposits, or being a beneficiary in a trust. The primary purpose of a minor’s PAN is to ensure transparency in financial transactions and to prevent misuse of tax exemptions. It is mandatory for any minor who earns taxable income or holds financial assets in their name.

Parents or legal guardians must apply on behalf of the minor. The guardian’s details will be included in the application, and their signature is required on all forms and documents.

Gather Required Documents

Before initiating the application, ensure you have the following documents ready:

• Minor’s Proof of Identity (POI): Birth certificate, school ID card, Aadhaar card, or passport.
• Minor’s Proof of Address (POA): If the minor does not have a separate address, the parent’s or guardian’s address proof can be used. Acceptable documents include Aadhaar card, electricity bill, water bill, bank statement, or rental agreement.
• Parent/Guardian’s Proof of Identity: Aadhaar card, passport, driver’s license, or voter ID.
• Parent/Guardian’s Proof of Address: Same as above—must match the address provided for the minor.
• Passport-sized Photograph: Recent, clear, color photograph of the minor with a white background.
• Guardianship Proof (if applicable): Court order or legal document establishing guardianship in case the applicant is not a biological parent.

It is critical that all documents are original, legible, and not expired. Photocopies must be attested if submitting offline. For online applications, scanned copies in PDF or JPEG format (under 100 KB) are acceptable.

Choose Application Method: Online or Offline

You can apply for a minor’s PAN card either online or offline. The online method is faster, more secure, and recommended for most applicants.

Online Application via NSDL or UTIITSL

Visit one of the two authorized portals:

• NSDL PAN Portal: https://www.tin-nsdl.com
• UTIITSL PAN Portal: https://www.pan.utiitsl.com

On either site, select “Apply for New PAN Card” and then choose “Minor” as the applicant category. You will be directed to Form 49A (for Indian citizens) or Form 49AA (for foreign nationals).

Fill in the following details accurately:

• Minor’s full name (as per birth certificate)
• Date of birth
• Gender
• Parent/guardian’s full name
• Parent/guardian’s PAN (if available)
• Minor’s address (same as parent/guardian’s unless otherwise documented)
• Contact number and email address of the parent/guardian

Upload scanned copies of all required documents. Double-check that the photograph is clear, the file size is within limits, and all documents are correctly labeled.

Select the delivery mode: physical PAN card via post or e-PAN via email. e-PAN is free and delivered within 48 hours, while the physical card takes 15–20 days and incurs a nominal fee.

Review all information before submission. Once submitted, you will receive an acknowledgment number. Retain this for future reference.

Offline Application via Authorized Center

If you prefer to apply offline:

• Visit an NSDL or UTIITSL PAN service center. A list of centers is available on their official websites.
• Collect Form 49A (for Indian citizens) or Form 49AA (for foreign citizens).
• Fill out the form in block letters using a black or blue pen. Do not use pencil.
• Attach two passport-sized photographs of the minor.
• Attach self-attested photocopies of all required documents.
• Pay the applicable fee via cash, demand draft, or online payment at the center.
• Submit the form and receive an acknowledgment receipt with a unique application number.

Offline applications typically take longer to process—up to 25–30 days—due to manual verification and postal delays.

Make Payment

The application fee varies depending on the delivery mode and location:

• Within India: ₹107 (including GST) for physical card delivery; ₹0 for e-PAN.
• Outside India: ₹1,017 (including GST) for physical card delivery; ₹107 for e-PAN.

Payment can be made via credit/debit card, net banking, UPI, or demand draft. For offline applications, cash or demand draft is accepted. Ensure you retain the payment receipt.

Track Application Status

After submission, you can track the status of your application using the acknowledgment number received:

• Visit https://www.tin-nsdl.com/pan/pan-status.html
• Enter the acknowledgment number and captcha code.
• Click “Submit” to view the current status.

Status updates may include:

• Application Received
• Documents Under Verification
• Approved
• PAN Dispatched

Once approved, the e-PAN will be sent to the registered email address. The physical card will be delivered via India Post to the provided address.

Receive and Verify PAN Card

Upon receipt, verify the following details on the PAN card:

• Minor’s full name (as per birth certificate)
• Date of birth
• Parent/guardian’s name (printed on the card)
• PAN number
• Photograph
• Signature (if applicable)

If any detail is incorrect, immediately initiate a correction request through the NSDL or UTIITSL portal using Form 49A. Do not delay—errors may affect future financial transactions.

Best Practices

Applying for a PAN card for a minor is straightforward, but small oversights can lead to delays or rejections. Following these best practices ensures a smooth and successful application.

Use Consistent Name Spellings

Always use the exact name as recorded in the minor’s birth certificate or school records. Avoid abbreviations, nicknames, or initials. For example, if the birth certificate says “Riya Sharma,” do not apply as “R. Sharma” or “Riya S.” Consistency across all documents prevents mismatches during verification.

Ensure Address Proof Matches

The minor’s address is typically the same as the parent’s or guardian’s. Ensure the address on the minor’s proof of identity (e.g., Aadhaar) matches the one on the parent’s proof of address. If they differ, provide a notarized affidavit explaining the discrepancy.

Use e-PAN for Immediate Use

While the physical card is useful for record-keeping, the e-PAN is legally valid and can be downloaded and printed immediately. Use the e-PAN for bank account opening, investment registration, or tax filings while waiting for the physical card.

Keep Digital Copies

Scan and save all submitted documents, payment receipts, and the e-PAN in a secure folder. These may be required for future reference, especially when the child turns 18 and needs to update their PAN details.

Update Details When Minor Turns 18

Once the minor reaches 18, they must update their PAN card to reflect their status as an adult. This includes removing the parent/guardian’s name and updating the photograph and signature. The process is simple and can be done online via Form 49A. Failure to update may cause issues with banking, loans, or tax filings.

Do Not Use Someone Else’s PAN

Never link a minor’s income or assets to a parent’s PAN. This violates tax laws and may trigger scrutiny from the Income Tax Department. Each individual, including minors, must have their own PAN for accurate financial tracking.

Apply Early

Do not wait until the minor has taxable income to apply. If you plan to open a fixed deposit, mutual fund SIP, or insurance policy in the child’s name, apply for the PAN card in advance. Delays in document processing can disrupt financial planning.

Verify Document Authenticity

Forged or altered documents are grounds for rejection and may lead to legal consequences. Always use government-issued, original documents. If a document is lost, obtain a certified duplicate from the issuing authority.

Use Official Portals Only

Never use third-party websites or agents claiming to expedite PAN applications for a fee. These often collect personal data and may deliver fake or incomplete PAN cards. Only use NSDL or UTIITSL portals for secure, government-backed processing.

Tools and Resources

Several digital tools and official resources are available to simplify the PAN application process for minors. Leveraging these ensures accuracy, reduces processing time, and enhances security.

Official Portals

• NSDL e-Gov PAN Portal: https://www.tin-nsdl.com – Offers online application, status tracking, and document upload.
• UTIITSL PAN Portal: https://www.pan.utiitsl.com – Alternative portal with identical functionality.
• Income Tax e-Filing Portal: https://www.incometax.gov.in – For downloading e-PAN and managing tax records.

Document Scanning Tools

Use mobile apps to scan and compress documents:

• Adobe Scan – Free, high-quality scanning with OCR support.
• Microsoft Lens – Automatically crops and enhances document images.
• CamScanner – Allows PDF export and cloud backup.

Ensure scanned files are under 100 KB and in JPEG or PDF format. Avoid blurry, dark, or shadowed images.

Document Verification Tools

Before submission, verify your documents using:

• Aadhaar Verification Portal: https://myaadhaar.gov.in – Confirm your Aadhaar details are active and match your name.
• Birth Certificate Verification: Contact the municipal corporation or state vital records office to confirm authenticity.

Payment Gateways

For online payments, use secure platforms:

• Net Banking (via SBI, HDFC, ICICI)
• UPI (Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm)
• Credit/Debit Cards (Visa, Mastercard, RuPay)

Always confirm the payment was successful by checking your bank statement and saving the transaction ID.

Cloud Storage for Records

Store all application documents and receipts in encrypted cloud folders:

• Google Drive – Free 15 GB storage with sharing options.
• OneDrive – Integrated with Windows and Microsoft accounts.
• Dropbox – Offers end-to-end encryption for sensitive files.

Label folders clearly: “Minor_PAN_Application_2024” or “Riya_Sharma_PAN_Documents.”

Checklist Templates

Download printable or digital checklists to ensure no document is missed:

• NSDL’s official checklist (available on their website under “Help”)
• Custom Google Sheets templates (search “PAN for Minor Checklist”)

Use these checklists before and after submission to validate completeness.

Real Examples

Understanding real-life scenarios helps clarify how the process works in practice. Below are three detailed examples of successful PAN applications for minors.

Example 1: Infant with Fixed Deposit

Sunita and Rajesh opened a fixed deposit of ₹2 lakh in their daughter’s name, Meera (age 6 months). To avoid TDS deduction at 30%, they needed a PAN for Meera. They visited the NSDL portal, selected “Minor,” and filled in Meera’s name as per her birth certificate. They uploaded Meera’s birth certificate as POI, their own Aadhaar as POA for both, and Sunita’s Aadhaar as guardian ID. They uploaded a clear photo of Meera and selected e-PAN delivery. Within 48 hours, they received the e-PAN via email. They submitted the PAN to the bank and avoided TDS. When Meera turned 18, they updated her PAN with her signature and updated photograph.

Example 2: School-Aged Child Receiving Royalty

Ajay, a 12-year-old, wrote a children’s book published by a national publisher. The publisher began paying him royalties. To comply with tax norms, his mother applied for his PAN. They used his school ID card as POI and their utility bill as POA. They submitted the application via UTIITSL, paid ₹107, and opted for physical delivery. The card arrived in 18 days. They kept a digital copy and informed the publisher to update their records. Ajay’s royalty income was now correctly reported under his PAN, ensuring legal compliance.

Example 3: Guardian Applying for Orphaned Minor

Ramesh, an uncle, became the legal guardian of his 8-year-old niece, Priya, after her parents passed away. He needed to open a recurring deposit in her name. He obtained a court order establishing his guardianship. He submitted Form 49A offline at an NSDL center, attaching Priya’s birth certificate, his own Aadhaar, and the court order. He paid the fee in cash and received an acknowledgment. After 22 days, Priya’s PAN card arrived. Ramesh ensured all future financial records listed him as guardian and updated the bank’s records accordingly.

FAQs

Can a minor apply for a PAN card without a birth certificate?

Yes. If a birth certificate is unavailable, alternative documents such as a school ID card, Aadhaar card, or passport issued by the government can be used as proof of identity. The key is to provide a government-recognized document that clearly states the minor’s name and date of birth.

Is a photograph mandatory for a minor’s PAN card?

Yes. A recent, clear, passport-sized color photograph of the minor is mandatory, regardless of age. Even infants must have a photograph. The photo must be taken against a white background with no hats or glasses.

Can both parents apply for the minor’s PAN card?

Only one parent or legal guardian can apply on behalf of the minor. If both parents are alive, either one can apply. The application form requires details of only one parent. The other parent’s information is not mandatory unless requested for verification.

Does a minor’s PAN card expire?

No. A PAN card issued to a minor remains valid for life. However, once the individual turns 18, they must update the card to remove the guardian’s name and add their own signature and photograph. The PAN number remains unchanged.

Can a minor’s PAN card be used for opening a bank account?

Yes. Banks accept a minor’s PAN card for opening savings accounts, fixed deposits, or mutual fund investments. The account will be operated by the parent or guardian until the child turns 18.

Is there a fee for applying for a PAN card for a minor?

Yes. The fee is ₹107 for physical delivery within India and ₹0 for e-PAN. For applications outside India, the fee is ₹1,017 for physical delivery and ₹107 for e-PAN. The fee is non-refundable, even if the application is rejected due to incorrect information.

What if the minor’s name is misspelled on the PAN card?

If the name is misspelled, immediately apply for corrections using Form 49A. Upload the correct proof of identity (e.g., birth certificate) and pay a correction fee of ₹107. The corrected PAN card will be issued within 15–20 days.

Can a minor’s PAN card be used for filing income tax returns?

Yes. If the minor has taxable income—such as interest, dividends, or royalties—the guardian must file the income tax return on their behalf using the minor’s PAN. The return is filed under the guardian’s name with the minor’s PAN linked as the assessee.

Is Aadhaar mandatory for a minor’s PAN application?

Aadhaar is not mandatory but highly recommended. If the minor has an Aadhaar, it can serve as both proof of identity and address. If not, other documents like birth certificate and utility bill can be used. However, linking Aadhaar to PAN is mandatory for all PAN holders under the Income Tax Act.

How long does it take to get a PAN card for a minor?

For online applications with e-PAN: 48 hours. For physical card delivery: 15–20 days. Offline applications may take up to 25–30 days due to manual processing and postal delays.

Conclusion

Applying for a PAN card for a minor is not merely a bureaucratic formality—it is a foundational step in securing the child’s financial future. From enabling tax-compliant investments to facilitating access to banking services, a PAN card empowers minors to participate meaningfully in India’s financial ecosystem. The process, while requiring attention to detail, is straightforward when approached systematically using official channels and verified documentation.

By following the step-by-step guide, adhering to best practices, leveraging digital tools, and learning from real examples, parents and guardians can ensure a smooth, error-free application. Remember: the key to success lies in accuracy, timeliness, and using only authorized platforms. Do not delay—apply as soon as you anticipate any financial activity in the minor’s name.

Once the PAN card is received, treat it as a lifelong financial asset. Update it when the child turns 18, keep digital backups, and never share the PAN number unnecessarily. A minor’s PAN card is more than a piece of plastic—it is the first step toward financial literacy, independence, and responsibility.