Types of Heating Oil: A Complete Guide

Heating oil is a widely used fuel source for residential and commercial heating systems, especially in colder regions. It powers furnaces and boilers to provide warmth during the winter months. However, not all heating oil is the same. There are several types, each with specific characteristics, uses, and benefits. Understanding the different types of heating oil can help consumers choose the right fuel for their needs in terms of efficiency, cost, and environmental impact.

1. No. 2 Heating Oil (Standard Home Heating Oil)

No. 2 heating oil is the most common type used in homes. It is a petroleum-based product similar to diesel fuel and has a high energy content, which makes it very efficient for home heating. No. 2 oil is delivered by truck and stored in an on-site tank. It is dyed red to indicate it is for off-road use and is not taxed like vehicle diesel. This oil burns cleanly and provides steady heat, making it a reliable choice for residential use.

2. No. 1 Heating Oil (Kerosene)

No. 1 heating oil, also known as kerosene, is a lighter and more refined fuel than No. 2 oil. It is less viscous and has a lower freezing point, which makes it ideal for use in extremely cold climates or in outdoor storage tanks. Kerosene burns cleaner than heavier oils and produces fewer deposits in heating equipment, which can lead to reduced maintenance. Its commonly used in mobile homes, space heaters, and some older heating systems.

3. Bioheat Fuel (Biodiesel Blends)

Bioheat is a modern, eco-friendly alternative to traditional heating oil. It is made by blending conventional No. 2 heating oil with biodiesela renewable fuel derived from plant oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking oils. Bioheat is available in various blend levels, such as B5 (5% biodiesel), B10, or B20. It offers a cleaner burn, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and better lubricity, which can extend equipment life. Bioheat works in existing oil systems without modification and is becoming increasingly popular as a sustainable choice.

4. No. 4 and No. 6 Heating Oils

No. 4 and No. 6 oils are heavier, less refined fuels typically used in industrial or commercial settings.

• No. 4 Oil is a blend of No. 2 and No. 6 oil and is used in large buildings or facilities.

• No. 6 Oil, also called bunker oil, is very thick and must be pre-heated before use. It is used in ships, power plants, and factories. Due to their high pollutant levels, these oils are being phased out in many regions under new environmental regulations.

Conclusion

Choosing the right type of heating oil depends on several factors including climate, equipment type, environmental goals, and budget. No. 2 oil remains the standard for most homes, while kerosene is useful in freezing conditions. Bioheat is gaining attention for its environmental benefits. For industrial purposes, heavier oils like No. 4 and No. 6 may still be used but are declining in favor due to environmental concerns. Understanding the differences helps ensure safe, efficient, and cost-effective heating.